Description
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VanPH0GFTsA
本视频是「文明3：宗教的想象」系列的一部分，回顾了人类历史上大部分时间的生存状态。讲师指出，智人约30万年前起源于非洲，5万年前因气候变化开始向全球扩散。在漫长的狩猎采集时代，人类社会总体上是和平、平等且富有艺术气息的——男女地位相近，没有阶级分化与组织化战争的证据。考古发现显示，萨满（shaman）作为精神领袖享有较高地位，但这与后来文明社会的权力结构截然不同。这一讲为理解宗教起源与人类精神世界的演变提供了重要背景。 This video reviews what we know about early human history before civilization. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa around 300,000 years ago and spread globally 50,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence suggests hunter-gatherer societies were largely peaceful, egalitarian, and artistic, with no organized warfare or rigid hierarchy. Shamans held spiritual authority, laying groundwork for understanding the religious imagination.